ABSTRACT
This article discusses and elaborates the conceptual framework of School-Based
Management (SBM) and School Board/School Committee (SB/SC) as the model for improving
community participation in the effort of improving the quality of educational management at the
school level under decentralization. Politically, the government has adopted SBM and SB/SC as a
model for improving the quality of managing school system as well as for improving parents and
community participation at the school level. It is still believed that the schooling system is assumed as
the core business of the national education system that needs more parents and community
participation. In addition, the achievement of educational objectives and its activities are the
responsibility of family, government, and community at large. The question arises is how community
at large could be participated in the effort of improving the quality of education at the school level?
Theoretically, the essence of decentralization in educational management is to provide chances for
parents and community participation and contribution in many ways to improve the quality of student
learning achievement and schooling management system. To do so, the government commenced SBM
and SB/SC as the model of educational management at the school level. It is believed that the essence
of SBM is to provide active involvement of parents and community in various ways to improve the
quality of school programs as well as student achievement. Research on the effect of SBM concluded
that SBM contributes significance supports toward the improvement of school programs and the
quality of teacher performance and student achievement (Mohramn, 1995). Before decentralization,
parents and community participations in improving school programs and student achievement are
limited. These participations are organized through an organization called “BP3 (Badan Pembantu
Penyelenggara Pendidikan)” at the school level. Through this organization, parents are asked to
contribute financial supports to the school budget for adding financial needs of the school programs.
However, community at large seemed not to have specific contribution to the school programs
because there was no regulation for community members to participate directly in the efforts of
improving the school programs. Through SB, community and other local stakeholders of a school are
provided chances to collaborate with teachers and the principal to improve the quality of education of
the school as well as its management system.
Keywords: School-based management, improving community, participation, managing school
improvement, decentralization
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285494241_SCHOOL-BASED_MANAGEMENT_AND_ITS_SCHOOL-BOARD_SCHOOL_COMMITTE_A_MODEL_FOR_IMPROVING_COMMUNITY_PARTICIPATION_IN_MANAGING_SCHOOL_IMPROVEMENT_UNDER_DECENTRALIZATION
