Introduction

Application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) theory is the use of computational methods that incorporate several criteria and order of preference in evaluating and selecting the best option among many alternatives based on the desired outcome. It is applied to different fields to obtain an optimum solution to a problem where there are many parameters to consider that cannot be decided by the users’ experiences. The application gives a ranking result based on the selected criteria, their corresponding values, and assigned weights. The application of MCDM theory in biomedical engineering and healthcare is a new approach that can be enormously helpful for patients, doctors, hospital managers, engineers, etc. Whether it is improving healthcare delivery or making a sound and safe decision for the benefit of the patient, healthcare professionals and other decision makers are always entangled with decision-making dilemmas. In real-life problems, there are many critical parameters (criteria) that can directly or indirectly affect the consequences of different decisions. Stakes are always high whenever human life is in danger, so it is always important to make the right decisions. When deciding whether to use a particular medication, treatment, or medical equipment, not only are the problems with multiple criteria very complex, but multiple parties are also deeply affected by the effects.